بررسی ظرفیت‌ها و تنگناهای توانمندسازی اجتماعی و اقتصادی روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه با تأکید بر معیشت‌های جایگزین

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار بخش تحقیقات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان شرقی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

در این پژوهش به‌منظور بررسی ظرفیت‌ها و تنگناهای روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه از الگوهای SWOT و QSPM استفاده و در مجموع 40 عامل درونی (نقاط قوت و ضعف) و 30 عامل بیرونی (فرصت‌ها و تهدیدها) مطالعه شد. نتایج نشان داد که نهال و بذور گواهی‌شده، نظام نوین ترویج و توانمندسازی زنان و صنایع تبدیلی چهار نقطه برتر اقدامات انجام یافته و در دست اجرا در روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه بوده و از میان محصولات معرفی شده به‌عنوان کشت‌های جایگزین، کشت زعفران و گیاهان دارویی از جایگاه برتری برخوردار هستند. بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش، سنتی بودن فرآیند تولید، اتلاف منابع آب، برداشت آب از سفره‌های زیرزمینی و وجود باغ‌های درجه 2 و 3 مهم‌ترین نقاط ضعف موجود هستند. رتبه‌بندی فرصت‌ها بیانگر آن بود که وجود تقاضا برای محصولات کشاورزی، تنوع تولیدات باغی، دانش‌آموختگان کشاورزی و اراضی مستعد، برترین فرصت‌های موجود در روستاهای حاشیه دریاچه ارومیه می‌باشند. طبق یافته‌های مطالعه عواملی چون فرسایش خاک، کمبود آب، کاهش حاصلخیزی خاک و پائین رفتن سطح آب‌های زیرزمینی از جمله عواملی هستند که معیشت را در روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه مورد تهدید جدی قرار داده‌اند. با توجه یافته‌های پژوهش و برتری عوامل داخلی در مقایسه با عوامل بیرونی و همچنین برتری نقاط قوت به نقاط ضعف و فرصت‌ها در مقایسه با تهدیدها استراتژی کلی بخش کشاورزی در روستاهای پیرامون دریاچه ارومیه برای بهبود معیشت، رویکردی تهاجمی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Socio-Economic Integration Capacities and bottlenecks of the villages around Lake Urmia with emphasis on alternative livelihoods

نویسنده [English]

  • Ali Shahnavazi
Assistant Professor, Economic, Social and Extension Research Department, East Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Recourses Research and Education Center, AREEO, Tabriz, Iran.
چکیده [English]

In this study, in order to investigate the capacities and bottlenecks of the villages around Lake Urmia, SWOT and QSPM models were used and 40 internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and 30 external factors (opportunities and threats) were studied. The results showed that certified seedlings, the new system of extension, empowerment of women and conversion industries were the top four strengths that under implementation in the villages around Lake Urmia and among the products introduced as alternative crops, saffron and medicinal plants had superior position. According to the research findings, the traditional production process, waste of water resources, water extraction from aquifers and the existence of second and third degree gardens were the most important weaknesses. The ranking of opportunities indicated that the demand for agricultural products, the diversity of horticultural products, agricultural graduates and good lands were the best opportunities available in the villages around Lake Urmia. According to the findings of the study, factors such as soil erosion, water scarcity, reduced soil fertility and declining groundwater levels were among the factors that had seriously threatened livelihoods in the villages around Lake Urmia. According to the research findings and the superiority of internal factors compared to external factors as well as the superiority of strengths to weaknesses and opportunities compared to threats, the general strategy of the agricultural sector in the villages around Lake Urmia to improve livelihood was an aggressive approach.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Strategy
  • SWOT
  • QSPM
  • ranking

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