تبیین رابطه مدیریت روستایی با کیفیت زیست‌پذیری روستاهای گردشگری پیراشهری (مورد مطالعه: روستای اله‌آباد، استان یزد)

Introduction
Suburban villages are important because of their spatial and functional proximity, according to their livability level and the role of local management, as well as their own attractions and tourism conditions. In the last two decades, managers and policymakers who were involved in developing such areas, have sought to strengthen and diversify income sources for the residents of these areas and plan to organize activities and programs in suburban areas. One of these sources is the foundation and development of tourism in suburban areas using their own attractions.
Suburban tourism is a different aspect of visitors' travel outside their homes and cities to the surrounding areas for vacations, enjoying day and short-term trips, recreation, fishing, and hunting, being in the heart of nature. This includes meetings with friends and relatives. In addition, taking advantage of silence and peace, fresh air, wide open spaces, and escaping from urban congestion are enjoyable.
The literature on rural development management shows that institutions, as formal and informal organizations, play an undeniable role in environmental and territorial management behaviors, including village quality. Local administration (including village administration and village Islamic council) can effectively increase the quality of life and tourism capacity. In addition, constructive interactions between local managers and residents play a significant role in the overall development of the village.
With the development of livability, the possibility of tension and conflict between people and tourists will decrease, more participation in planning and decision-making in the tourism industry will be made, and the sustainable tourism development will be realized; therefore, it is necessary to investigate the role of local management in the development of livability, and then analyze the role of livability in the development of tourism in suburban villages.
Allahabad village of Yazd province, because of its close location to the city of Zarch and its relatively long history, when having historical attractions belonging to before Islam and the peaceful coexistence of Zoroastrian and Muslim residents, is in the category of famous and interesting villages of Yazd. Despite the tourism capacities, the local administration's lack of attention to these capacities has caused problems for the village. By identifying weaknesses and being aware of opportunities with the comprehensive cooperation of local managers and residents, the path to achieving the development of livability and tourism in this suburban area can be made smoother. The present research deals with the analysis of rural management of Allahabad in increasing the quality of life and tourism development in this region, and aims to achieve accurate results in line with the purpose of the research.
The notable feature of the current research is that it analyses four different dimensions of livability with local management in a village and believes that if there is a direct relationship between local management and the livability of the village in all dimensions, then with the improvement of management, a place can achieve optimal livability and provide the basis for tourism development. Therefore, the present study attempts to address the research gap by examining the relationship between the three factors of local management, livability, and tourism development potential in a village around the city.
Materials and Methods
The research method used is a descriptive-correlation type of research in terms of its practical purpose with a survey nature and according to the way of data collection. The statistical population of this research included all the local residents of Allahabad village in Yazd in April 2022 (5573 people based on the census of the whole country in 2015) and 363 people were selected as the research sample by using random sampling and using Cochran's formula.
In this research, a questionnaire designed with four sections including variables of local management, economic, social and environmental viability was used in the form of a five-item Likert scale from completely disagree (1) to completely agree (5). The validity of the questionnaire was calculated and confirmed by Cronbach's alpha test. In order to investigate the relationship between research variables, Pearson's correlation coefficient was used and finally the research hypotheses were tested with the structural equation model.
Results and Discussion
The average of local administration (village administration and village Islamic council) (M=2.78) in a five-choice spectrum showed that the respondents evaluated local administration (village administration and village Islamic council) at an average level. The average dimensions of economic, social and environmental viability showed that the respondents rated these three variables as average. Economic, social and environmental viability has a significant and direct relationship with local management (village Islamic council).
The intensity of the relationship between economic environment and local management (village Islamic council) is reasonable but higher than other variables (r=0.81, p<.001). Social viability is most related to economic viability. Compared to social viability and local management (village administration and village Islamic council), environmental viability is more related to economic viability (r=0.79, p<.001). The results of the correlation prove that with the improvement of the situation of local management (village administration and village Islamic council), the economic, social and environmental viability will also improve. In the final model, although local governance has a direct impact on economic viability, it also has a direct impact on social viability. Another finding showed that local management has a direct impact on environmental viability.
Conclusions
The results of the research findings show that economic, social and environmental viability has a direct and meaningful relationship with local management (village administration and village Islamic council), and the intensity of the relationship between economic viability and local management is greater than other variables. Also, the results of examining the correlation of variables show the direct relationship between local management and livability in terms of improving the situation, and the final model of the research confirms the direct relationship between local management and livability dimensions.
Examining the relationship between the local management of villages around the city with different aspects of livability comprehensively and the development of tourism as a new source of employment in these human settlements is one of the innovations of the present research. The results of this research regarding the direct and meaningful relationship between rural management and the Islamic Council with livability, especially in the economic dimension, indicate that the managers' attention to the economic components of livability, such as providing the possibility of obtaining tourism jobs for young villagers, using the tourism capacities of the village, improving the level of knowledge and awareness of the residents, emphasizing the preservation of their cultural identity and effective marketing in the field of introducing the positive aspects of tourism in the village of Allahabad, such as its antiquity, proximity to the city, historical attractions and the peaceful coexistence of followers of two different religions, the level of development sustainable tourism have improved the livability index of Allahabad village and consequently it is effective in increasing the quality of life of the villagers and the desire of the young people to stay and preserve their rural identity.