تحلیل کارکردهای نظام نوآوری کشاورزی در توسعه دانش‌بنیان بخش کشاورزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه ترویج و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

2 دانشجوی دکتری توسعه کشاورزی، گروه ترویج و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

3 استادیار گروه ترویج و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

4 استاد گروه مدیریت و توسعه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

نظام نوآوری از ارکان اصلی دستیابی به تولید مبتنی بر دانش و اقتصاد دانش ­بنیان است. در بین نظام ­های نوآوری بخشی، نظام نوآوری کشاورزی به دلیل ماهیت و جایگاه ویژه­ بخش کشاورزی در تأمین امنیت غذایی، ایجاد ارزش­ افزوده و اشتغال­ زایی، از اهمیت ویژ­ه ­ای برخوردار است. توسعه دانش ­بنیان کشاورزی با به ­کارگیری یافته­ های علمی، فناوری­ های دقیق و نوآوری­ های توسعه ­یافته در نظام نوآوری کشاورزی محقق می­ شود. درک صحیح از کارکردهای نظام نوآوری کشاورزی در دستیابی به توسعه دانش­ بنیان، می ­تواند به سیاست‌گذاران این بخش در تدوین سیاست ­های نوآوری کمک نماید. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و با روش نظریه بنیانی به تحلیل کارکردهای نظام نوآوری در توسعه دانش‏ بنیان کشاورزی پرداخته است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش اساتید، صاحب ­نظران، مدیران ارشد وزارت جهاد کشاورزی و کشاورزان پیشرو بودند. نمونه­ گیری به صورت هدفمند شروع و تا رسیدن به اشباع نظری به روش گلوله برفی ادامه یافت. داده ها با بررسی اسناد و مدارک، یادداشت­ های عرصه و مصاحبه ­های غیرساختارمند گردآوری شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده ­ها از نرم ­افزار MAXQDA استفاده شد. داده­ ها در قالب 69 مفهوم و 19 مقوله کدگذاری شد. در مرحله کدگذاری محوری مدل پاردایمی، کارکردهای خلق و توسعه دانش و انتشار دانش به ­عنوان پدیده اصلی و کارکرد هدایت و جهت­ دهی نظام، به­ عنوان شرایط زمینه ­ای،کارکرد تأمین و تسهیل منابع به­ عنوان شرایط علّی و کارکرد مشروعیت­ بخشی به­ عنوان شرایط مداخله­ گر شناسایی شد. همچنین کارکرد فعالیت­ های کارآفرینانه و شکل­ دهی به بازار به­ عنوان راهبرد و تدوین استانداردهای بخشی، بهبود زنجیره ارزش محصولات، افزایش رقابت ­پذیری اقتصادی محصولات تولیدی، تنوع ­­بخشی به اقتصاد بهره­ برداران به ­عنوان پیامدها شناسایی شد. با توجه به یافته­ های پژوهش، ایجاد مراکز ترویج نوآوری و کارآفرینی کشاورزی با رویکرد سیاست­ گذاری باز و طرف تقاضا می ­تواند گامی موثر و هدفمند در جهت تقویت کارکردهای نظام نوآوری کشاورزی در توسعه دانش­ بنیان بخش کشاورزی باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis the Functions of Agricultural Innovation System in the Knowledge-Based Development of Agricultural Sector

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sh. Zarifian 1
  • S. Mostafavi 2
  • H. Yadavar 3
  • H. Shabanali Fami 4
1 Associate Professor, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz. Tabriz, Iran.
2 PhD Student in Agricultural Development, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Extension and Rural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Management and Agricultural Development, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Introduction
The innovation system is one of the main pillars of achieving knowledge-based production and economy. Among the sectoral systems, the agricultural innovation system has special importance due to the special position of the agricultural sector in ensuring food security, creating value added and employment. The knowledge-based development of agricultural sector is achieved by applying scientific findings, precise technologies and developed innovations in the agricultural innovation system. A correct understanding the functions of agricultural innovation system in achieving knowledge-based development can help the policymakers of this sector in formulating innovation policies.
Materials and Methods
This study analysis the functions of innovation system in the knowledge-based development of agriculture sector with a qualitative approach and Grounded Theory method. The statistical population of this research was faculty members, experts, senior managers of the Ministry of Agriculture Jahad and leading farmers. Snowball sampling started purposefully and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Required data were collected through document review, field notes and unstructured interviews and MAXQDA software was used for data analysis. The data was coded in the form of 69 concepts and 19 categories.
 
Results and Discussion
In the central coding stage of the paradigm model, the functions of creating and developing knowledge and knowledge diffusion as the main phenomenon and the function of guiding and directing the system; As background conditions, the function of providing and facilitating resources was identified as the causal condition and the function of legitimization was identified as the intervening condition. Also, the function of entrepreneurial activities and market shaping as a strategy and codification of sector standards, improving the value chain of products, increasing the economic competitiveness of manufactured products, diversifying the economy of the beneficiaries were identified as consequences.
Conclusions
According to the findings of this research, establishing agricultural innovation and entrepreneurship promotion centers with an open and demand-side policy approach can be an effective and targeted step towards strengthening the functions of the agricultural innovation system in the development of the knowledge base of the agricultural sector.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Agriculture Sector
  • Innovation System
  • Knowledge-Based Economy
  • Knowledge-Based Development

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